People who are unable to walk and are using wheelchairs exert great amounts of energy using physical strength to turn and steer the wheels. An eye tracking device is used which measured gaze points and translate a desired movement into a physical one.
See Full PDF See Full PDFpowered wheelchair (EPW). Its two operation modes are based on head movements: Mode 1 uses only one head movement to give the commands, and Mode 2 employs four head movements. An EEG device, namely Emotive EPOC, has been deployed in this HMI to obtain the head movement information of users. The proposed HMI is compared with the joystick control of an EPW in a Street environment. The experimental results show that Control Mode 2 can be implemented at a fast speed reliably, achieving a mean time of 67.90 seconds for the two subjects. However, Control Mode 1 has inferior performance, achieving a mean time of 153.20 seconds for the two subjects although it needs only one head movement. It is clear that the proposed HMI can be effectively used to replace the traditional joystick control for disabled and elderly people aim at designing a simple costeffective automatic wheelchair using MEMS technology for quadriplegics with head and neck mobility. The control system translates the position of the user’s head into speed and directional control of the wheelchair. The system is divided into two main units: MEMS Sensor and programmed PIC Controller. The MEMS sensor senses the change in direction of head and accordingly the signal is given to microcontroller. Depending on the direction of the Acceleration, microcontroller controls the wheel chair directions like LEFT, RIGHT, FRONT, and BACK with the aid of DC motors.
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)
https://www.ijert.org/eye-gaze-controlled-wheelchair https://www.ijert.org/research/eye-gaze-controlled-wheelchair-IJERTV9IS050476.pdf Eye gaze wheelchair is a unique technique executed mainly for the disabled persons who are fully paralyzed. In this system manual control of wheelchair is being replaced be automatic control i.e. controlled by the eyeball movement, so that the patients feel free and less or no difficulty in their movements. Continuous image is captured with the help of webcam which further undergoes several image processing techniques, to detect the position of eye pupil Haar cascade algorithm is being implemented with the resultant of the image processing technique wheelchair moves accordingly. DC motor is mounted to the wheels for easy motion of the wheelchair. The ultrasonic sensor is mounted to the wheelchair so that it detects any obstacles in the path of its movements and wheelchair stops movement as per sensor command.
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Intelligent Wheelchair (IW) interface is used for providing more convenient and efficient interface to the people with disability. Robotic wheelchairs extend the capabilities of traditional powered devices by introducing control and navigational intelligence. The paper presents an exhaustive literature review in robotic wheelchair control mechanism. The main theme is to control the wheelchair according to signals from the input source. The paper presents different control mechanisms, their advantages, limitations, strengths, weaknesses as a preliminary review.
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IJIRAE:: AM Publications,India
A powered wheel chair is a mobility-aided device for persons with moderate/severe physical disabilities or chronic diseases as well as theelderly. In order to take care for different disabilities, various kinds of interfaces have been developed for powered wheelchair control; such as joystick control, head control and sip-puff control. Many people with disabilities do not have the ability to control powered wheel chair using the above mentioned interfaces. The proposed model is a possible alternative. In this paper, we use the optical-type eye tracking system to control powered wheel chair. User's eye movement are translated to screen position using the optical type eye tracking system. When user looks at appropriate angle, then computer input system will send command to the software based on the angle of rotation of pupil i.e., when user moves his eyes balls up (move forward), left (move left), right (move right) in all other cases wheel chair will stop. Once the image has been processed it moves onto the second part, our microprocessor. The microprocessor will take a USB output from the laptop and convert the signal into signals that will be sent to the wheelchair wheels for movement. Also, the pressure and object detection sensors will be connected to our microprocessor to provide necessary feedback for proper operation of the wheelchair system. The final part of the project is the wheelchair itself. The rearwheels will provide forward. The front two wheels will be used for steering left and right. All four wheels will be connected to our microprocessor that will send signals to control the wheels and thus the overall movement.
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Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica
This work proposes a Dynamic fuzzy logic Controller for the navigation problem of an electric wheelchair. The controller uses present data from three ultrasonic sensors as the main source of information from the environment. However other inputs, named as "dynamic time delay", are obtained from past samples of those static data and are used to design the rule base. Although fuzzy logic controllers with static inputs could solve basic navigation problems, the proposed structure with dynamic inputs gets an excellent performance for more complex navigation problems. There were designed static and dynamic navigation strategies, which were first deployed in software just to evaluate their behavior. They were tested in a maze and their trajectories were compared to select the best. For improving its response, the dynamic fuzzy logic strategy was deployed in hardware. The paper presents a comparison between the software and hardware applications to illustrate the possibility of implementing the proposed methodology in different platforms. The dynamic fuzzy logic controller led the electric wheelchair without colliding against walls, and is a high performance navigation system. Moreover, this controller could solve the sensor limitations.
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A powered wheel chair is a mobility-aided device for persons with moderate or severe physical disabilities. In order to take care of people with different disabilities, various kinds of interfaces have been developed for powered wheelchair control; such as joystick control, head control, chin control and sip-puff control. Many people with disabilities do not have the ability to control powered wheel chair using the above mentioned interfaces. In this project work, we propose and implement an eye controlled wheelchair system in which the control of the wheelchair is done as per the movement of eye. For this purpose, we use the optical-type eye tracking system to control powered wheel chair. User‘s eye movement are translated to screen position using the optical type eye tracking system. When user looks at appropriate direction, then computer input system will detect the direction, based on the coordinate position of pupil i.e., when user moves his eyes balls up (move forward), left (move left), right (move right), down (move backward) and in all other cases wheel chair will stop. The image captured by a camera after being processed it is fed to the microprocessor. The microprocessor will take a USB output from the laptop and convert the data into signals that will be sent to the wheelchair wheels for movement. Also, the object detection sensors will be connected to our microprocessor to provide necessary feedback for proper operation of the wheelchair system. In the case of the wheelchair, the front two wheels will be used for steering left and right and rear wheels provide the forward movement. All four wheels will be connected to our microprocessor that will send signals to control the wheels and thus the overall movement.
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Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology
